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Principal Agency is when a leader acts with intentionality and believes they have the power, rationality, or responsibility, to do so.


Principals with agency act with intention, are goal oriented and accept the risk in acting. They understand resources, and district culture, create limits, but focus on what is possible, what they can do rather than what they can’t.

Agency, when responsibly applied, can lead to creative solutions. Great leaders have agency and use it to involve others in decision making. Communications Coach Jennifer Kammeyer believes leaders need two leadership styles, Agentic and Communal, to be effective. She describes communal leadership as the ability to pull the best from everyone and to generate new ideas, build relationships and foster community. She describes Agentic leadership as the ability to drive toward a goal taking the risks and demanding the standards to reach excellence.


Today’s SamTastic Weekly Tip is taken from a draft article on principal agency by NSIP Director Mark Shellinger. Click here for a copy of the complete draft and an opportunity to share your thoughts and experiences: Agency


Registration opens for the 17thAnnual National SAM Conference, September 4, Labor Day.


This week’s tip: Consider the Frequency and Sequence of your Interactions

As you start the new school year, you’ve likely selected teachers you intend to spend more time with than others. You’ve also likely told TimeTrack who these “focus” teachers are by going to the TimeTrack orange logo, selecting settings, and then Individual/Group Set-Up.


Clicking the focus button shows the hours/minutes spent with each teacher you intend to spend more time and effort. This gives you quick access to data showing the time you’ve spent with each person, in groups and individually, in hours/minutes number of interactions.


Many leaders with open he chart showing the time spent with each focus teacher and click on the Interactions button, top left. This changes the chart to show the number of separate times the leader worked with a teacher, rather than the number of minutes. Many leaders go a step further by clicking the frequency button. This shows a comparison of the number of times the leaders observed the teacher in a classroom with the number of feedback sessions. In addition to frequency, it also shows the pattern, or sequence.

The chart to the left, shows the principal had five interactions with the teacher in October, two times seeing the teacher in a classroom and three feedback sessions. SAM teams use this information to consider if the frequency of work with the teacher, and the sequence of the interactions, will likely lead to improved practice.


TimeTrack data is like an onion. Peal back one layer and you’ll find more below. By clicking on the October bar, here’s what is revealed:

Now the leader can see the sequence of the interactions. The first week of October, the leader was in the classroom twice and had one feedback session, after. The leader had a single feedback session in each of the following two weeks.



The data doesn’t say good or bad. The data helps SAM teams be reflective. Does my work with teachers improve practice? Is it frequent enough? Is the sequence of interactions logical?


Registration opens for the 17thAnnual National SAM Conference, September 4, Labor Day.


This week’s tip: Go Beyond Visiting Classrooms


The SAM process is all about intentionality. Leaders often say they want to give teachers more feedback about what they observe. This makes sense, as working effectively with teachers requires thoughtful conversations.


Determining your purpose for having a feedback session starts in the SAM Daily Meeting. When you select the descriptor for feedback, you are stating your intentionality.


Directive Feedback: Your intent is to provide direction. You are stating an expectation, a “non-negotiable”. Your intent is to gain compliance.


Non-Directive Feedback: Your intent is to get the teacher to talk about a particular issue, or instructional practice, and think through options and ideas. Your intent is build competency and a commitment to trying new ideas and approaches to help students learn.


Celebratory Feedback: Your intent is to point out a “win” and get the teacher to talk with you about it. Your intent is to cement good practice and let the teacher know you appreciate their work…without going to the next step. Why? You know it is more likely the teacher will keep doing the good work you observed if you can let them enjoy the win…and they will be far more receptive for the other two kinds of feedback, Directive and Non-Directive, if you don’t rush things. Think of this as cementing good practice.


Good SAM’s make it a point to ask the leader after they’ve watched a lesson what kind of feedback they would like to schedule.


Are you receiving The Marshall Memo every Tuesday? You can receive it at no cost as a SAM team member. Published 50 times a year since 2003, The Marshall Memo is designed to keep principals, teachers, instructional coaches, superintendents, and other PreK-12 educators well-informed on current research and best practices. Kim Marshall, drawing on his decades as a teacher, principal, central office administrator, consultant, and writer, lightens the load of busy educators by serving as their "designated reader." What Kim spends 20 hours creating each week, you can read in 20 minutes.


To produce the Marshall Memo, Kim subscribes to scores of carefully-chosen publications, and every Sunday reads through the 150 or so articles that arrived that week and selects 8-10 that have the greatest potential to improve teaching, leadership, and learning. Each Monday, Kim writes a brief summary of each selected article, provides e-links to full articles (if available), highlights a few compelling quotes, and by late evening starts the Memo sending to subscribers. The rest of the week, Kim is in schools coaching principals, observing classrooms, consulting with school leaders, and giving presentations. This work is what keeps the Memo grounded in the real world of teaching and learning.


If you are not receiving The Marshall Memo click on this link and we’ll add you to the distribution list: https://bit.ly/3nE9hm3


Already receiving The Marshall Memo? Great! Did you know there is an easy to search archive? You can enter any issue or topic relating to education and leadership and the best articles over the last 20 years appear on your screen. Use this link: www.marshallmemo.com For SAM teams members, enter the word SAM when asked for an email address. Enter Project when it asks for a password.


Registration opens for the 17thAnnual National SAM Conference, September 4, Labor Day



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